Sin City Essay -- Personal Narrative Las Vegas Gambling Essays

Sin City Two years prior my significant other, myself and another couple visited Las Vegas, which is also called sin city. Las Vegas is the greatest city in Nevada. Neon sparkled lodgings make up the general arranging, which is in any case a level valley with a peak foundation. The city is very conservative for the travel industry purposes, despite the fact that as per Frommer’s, Vegas is viewed as one of the quickest developing urban communities in America. Betting is the focal point of Vegas, and club are plenteous, yet on the off chance that betting isn't your thing there are a lot of different attractions to do and see. Vegas is comprised of two unmistakable territories the â€Å"Strip,† and â€Å"Downtown.† The â€Å"Strip,† is viewed as the most celebrated four-mile stretch of expressway in the country. It contains the vast majority of the enormous name lodgings and diversion. The majority within recent memory was spent on the Strip. Downtown is situated on Fremont Street and was the main territory to create lodgings and club. It has a bygone era Vegas feel to it. The roads are tight and a gallery over head shows an absolute necessity see light show. The light show is free so it tends to be delighted in on the off chance that you lose the entirety of your cash betting. Flying into Vegas the main things obvious are the mammoth lodgings and club. We showed up during the day so lamentably didn't see the magnificent impact of the lights. Be that as it may, this didn't make light of the grandness of the lodgings. A short transport ride took us to our home for the week, the Imperial Palace. It was very spending benevolent, with a perfect area, right in the center of the strip. The Imperial Palace could not hope to compare to its glitzy neighbors. From the outset the gambling club is extremely dull and suggestive of old Vegas, however at the cost and area it is a take. The rooms are spotless, and it is one of only a handful hardly any h... ...strip so it is away from the hurrying around of everything. The beverages are little, however for just a buck well justified, despite all the trouble. Not exclusively did the cost of the beverages rank high on our rundown, I likewise won sixty dollars there. They had a superb band playing which was free and in the event that you look carefully you may even detect a couple of whores sticking around. This may sound somewhat terrifying, however it truly wasn’t. Vegas is an extraordinary spot to visit on the off chance that you need to see and do a variety of things. It is a card sharks safe house, yet it likewise offers numerous different activities. It is genuinely economical depending where you remain and travel offices consistently have various bundles accessible to meet your requirements. Regardless of whether you are a player or a tourist, have a great deal of cash or a strict spending plan, Vegas is the spot for you. Recollect it is nicknamed â€Å"sin city† for an explanation so be set up to see and do the unforeseen.

The Ethics And Ethical Ethics - 1739 Words

Since the turn of the 4th Century BC, the study of ethics and ethical behaviour has occupied human thought, with various philosophers exploring the fundamental issues of practical decision making, determining the nature of normative theories (Aristotelian virtue ethics), and applying these principles to pragmatic moral issues. Approximately 2040 years ago, Aristotle published, what is considered to be the foundations of modern day ethics and ethical frameworks, the â€Å"Nicomachean Ethics†. Through this publication, Aristotle analyzes the significance virtues have on a well-lived life, by acknowledging that ideal character traits outline a virtuous person, with these traits being â€Å"derived from natural internal tendencies, needing nurturing;†¦show more content†¦Contrary to this, Deontologists who would explore what our moral duty is. They would state that the unborn infant is inevitably permitted to the same rights and moral considerations that any human being is already authorized to. Which means, that it has at first glance the right to life, and violating that right is going to demand a great reason that in shows in this situation the Fetus’ right to life (Metapop, 2013). The third ethical framework of the Catholic Church is Natural Law; which explores the virtue and/or moral character of the person based on reason, along with revelation carrying out an action, rather than at ethical duties and rules, or the consequences of particular actions. Natural Law in Catholicism refers to human nature, and what it means to be a human being, which Catholics believe is conceiving child through love, not science (shc.edu, 1995). Thomas Aquinas, the creator of Natural Law, calls it â€Å"right reason† when one will make judgments which are consistent with one’s human nature, encouraging human prosperity the natural way- â€Å"to do good, and avoid evil.† (shc.edu, 1955). These ethical frameworks apply and relate to the topic of abortion, as people are often unclear on whether or not the process of abortion is moral or immorally wrong. For the most part Catholicism believes abortion to be wrong, based on the framework of non-consequentialism/deontology

Immanuel Kant s Moral Theory - 872 Words

Immanuel Kant once argued that the rightness or wrongness of actions does not depend on their consequences but on whether they fulfill our duty. Which translates to do we as humans do things not because there s an underlying consequence but because we are programed to do these things whether they are right or wrong. I disagree with this theory because I believe we as humans do things based on an internal moral compass within ourselves that helps us determine whether things are right or wrong. Kant believed that certain actions that are usually prohibited, brings the person a sort of happiness other than the alternative. His theory can be identified as deontological moral theory which the rightness or wrongness of actions does not depend on their consequences but on whether they fulfill our duty. I refute this theory because I believe that when we commit certain acts we are doing them with the underlying understanding of the consequences that come with it. Although some people might argue that when we commit certain offences we are not aware of any consequences. Our choices matter greatly because when you commit an action for example you played with your friends favorite item and you break it, some might argue that you didn t know that the ultimate result would be you breaking the item. But my belief is that when you commit this action ultimately you should have known that the end result might be you harming the item. There might not have been a bad intention behind yourS how MoreRelatedKant And David Hume Views On The Matter1457 Words   |  6 Pagesresult in choices that lead to an individual to both reason and feel some sort of emotion. Objectively speaking, there is a no fine line between reasoning and how one feels, however there seems to be a distinct difference between the philosophers Immanuel Kant and David Hume views on the matter. Both are life changing philosophers with very opposing views. One sees the feelings in human nature while the other seems to see nothing but rationality. One can argue both are used but according to these twoRead MoreLying, By Jeremy Bentham1613 Words   |  7 Pagesdeception. Jeremy Bentham who is a British philosopher in the 1700’s and early 1800’s believed in the principle of utility otherwise known as utilitarianism. Jeremy Bentham thinks it’s permissible to tell a small lie because in the long run Bentham is looking for the ultimate amount of happiness. Bentham believes in the greatest happiness for the greatest number. As long as an act brings more happiness than disappointment then that act is moral. One situation may be three friends found out something thatRead MoreDeontology Is An Ethical Theory900 Words   |  4 Pagesregardless of gender. The theory of deontology has defined and developed the meaning of equal within society. However, it has been a slow process. Miscommunication and misunderstanding to the meaning of gender equality is responsible for personal and social tyranny. Happiness, fairness, and dignity have risen from social roles, poverty, and health reform that defined the message to the question of what i t means to be equal and unequal among men and women using the deontology theory as this essay willRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Ethical Theory1527 Words   |  7 Pagesassess whether one s actions are just and whether we can truly make the right decision based on any ethical framework. An ethical structure such as Universalism, is most often associated with Immanuel Kant. Immanuel Kant was a philosopher of German descent, who lived from 1724- 1804 and was most notable for his work in ethics. Kant suggest that one should assess whether an act is right or wrong by weighing if it is honest, fair , respectful and just. Due to Immanuel Kant s frustration with theRead MoreImmanuel Kant And The Ford Pinto Case991 Words   |  4 Pages Immanuel Kant and The Ford Pinto Case Immanuel Kant ¶s theory on morals states that  ³nothing can possibly be conceived in the world, or even out of it, which can be called good, without qualification, except a good will. ´ 1 Kant points to other human qualities such as courage, intelligence, wit and others that are  ³undoubtedly good and desirable, ´ 2 however, can become bad if the will of the person using them is not good. Kant maintains that in order for an action to be considered moral, itRead MoreKantian Ethics And The Categorical Imperative Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pagesof Kantian Ethics and critiques In Elements of Pure Practical Reason Book, I, Immanuel Kant, a prominent late Enlightenment Era German philosopher discusses his most famous ethical theory, the â€Å"Categorical Imperative.† The â€Å"Categorical Imperative† is a proposed universal law in stating all humans are forbidden from certain actions regardless of consequences. Although this is the general definition of this ethical theory, the Categorical Imperative† exists in two above formulations, A strict interpretationRead MoreShould We Be A Good Grade?1612 Words   |  7 Pagessomeone in the end? Most of time these questions are answered based on beliefs: morals. Should I cheat on this test in order to get a good grade? What if I didn’t have the opportunity to study because you have to work every night in order to pay bills and if you don’t get a good grade then you lose your scholarship; is it right then? The answer is neither right nor wrong. The answer, is your answer; it is based off of your morals, your ethics. Scientologist, Raymond Baumhart, asked the question, â€Å"What doesRead MoreImmanuel Kant And Kant On Morality1097 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are two which are usually compared to one another, Immanuel Kant and David Hume. Immanuel Kant had many theories throughout his philosophical time. Here are some of his ethical works, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and the Metaphysics of Morals (1797), which contains both â€Å"the Doctrine of Right† and â€Å"the Doctrine of Virtue.† He also had some other works of importance to his moral philosophy including the Critique of the Power of JudgmentRead MoreThe Metaphysic Of Morals By Immanuel Kant1199 Words   |  5 PagesGroundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals by Immanuel Kant: A Reflection and Analysis Author name Name of institutionâ€Æ' In man’s attempt to figure out what is right or wrong, they have developed a number of systems that purportedly deal with such matters. Immanuel Kant expanded on his moral philosophy in his work, Groundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals. This paper will be a reflection upon Kantian ethical principles presented therein and their relation to what is generally called morality. PeopleRead MoreDuty Ethics Vs. Utilitarianism1441 Words   |  6 Pagesethical theories I will discuss are from the works of Jeremy Bentham (utilitarianism), and Immanuel Kant (duty-ethics). These philosophers outlined two different theories of moralphilosophy. Bentham utilitarian theory focus on the moral rightness. His belief is that everyoneshould perform that act which will bring about the greatest amount of good over bad for everyone affected in any given situation. Kant’s theory and my personal preference of the two theories focus on the moral duty/obligation

Hillary Clinton s Stance On Women s Rights - 1090 Words

Hilary Clinton is a strong and effective choice to serve as a messenger and manager of women’s rights globally. She has proven herself as a fierce advocate for women’s rights due to her strong and consistent record of effectively championing women’s rights, economically and politically. She has remained consistent throughout her career as an advocate for gender equality, human rights, and women’s rights policies. Throughout her time in the Senate, she advocated women’s rights and used her status around the world to shine a light on issues of importance for women and girls. Hillary Clinton’s unwavering stance has supported that women lives are just as valuable as any other lives, women’s rights are human’s rights, and anything less is unacceptable. Hilary Clinton understands that the world needs to recognize the unfair injustice being committed against women’s rights. She chooses to speak out, instead of remaining si lent. The world must understand and recognize that in the fight for justice, by remaining silent and turning a blind eye, which is considered the same as supporting injustices. Hillary Clinton suggested in her speech the world should no longer ignore the wrongs being globally committed against women, around the globe in today’s society, the issues of inhumanity and injustices are rising as the value on women lives declines. Hilary Clinton was invited to speak at the United Nations Fourth World Conference of Women on September 5, 1995,where delegates fromShow MoreRelatedPresidential Election And Issues Of America Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pagesmarijuana particularly, same-sex marriage, the construction of a wall near the southern border, and medical marijuana.This essay aims to display the arguments/stance that each presidential candidate has towards such issues, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton, and serves as an analysis of their determined stance. To determine Donald Trump s stance on immigration,particularly the construction of a wall on the southern border, it is wise to analyze articles in order to see his thoughts on such as issueRead MoreHillary Clinton s Impact On Society1166 Words   |  5 Pages Hillary Clinton has been referred to as one the most influential women in history, not only has she made her mark on policy issues, she has been the voice and leader for many feminist movements and continues to push the issue of progress for all. Although Hillary Clinton is one of the most covered politicians and women figures in the world, there is no denying her impact on society, and it is something that should be discussed with the public. 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I’ve developed a rather heavy interest in politics over the past year or so, and have been ac tively following the race to the presidency between Clinton and Trump. But despite my interest in politics, I have been rather quiet on Facebook about my political beliefs and my feelings on this election. While thisRead MoreNARAL Case Study855 Words   |  4 Pagesrecognizing the basic human right of a woman to limit her own reproduction, is dedicated to the elimination of all laws and practices that would compel any woman to bear a child against her will. To that end, it proposes to initiate and co-ordinate political, social, and legal action of individuals and groups concerned with providing safe operations by qualified physicians for all women seeking them regardless of economic status.† (https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=NARAL%20Pro-Choice%20America)Read MorePresidential Elections And The Presidential Election1247 Words   |  5 Pageswon while Hillary Clinton the primary Democrat candidate who was the former sectary of state ran and lost. Not only was there a fi ght between the different parties, there also was fighting among each other and in individual parties. Many parties had many different views on the issues of today world. They both made many different promises on each issue. When it came to domestic issues the primary two parties agreed and disagreed on many things such as when it came to induvial rights. 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In addition, Trump shares similarities with Adolf Hitler, an unsettling realization. However, those who support Donald Trump argue that his economic experience as well as his honesty outweigh the long listRead MorePolitical Ideology Is More Or More An Outline Of A Voters Political Morals And Beliefs922 Words   |  4 Pagesvote. The two prime ideologies in America are conservatives and liberals. Conservatives want limited government when it comes to making fiscal and moral decisions, and big government when it comes to enforcing Christian values such as denying equal rights for marriage and the removal of abortion. Other conservative views include believing in individual self-reliance, tradition, laws and morality, low taxes and social affairs. While Liberals largely support justice and equality, and oppose governmentRead MorePolitical Framing As Used By Presidential Candidates1442 Words   |  6 PagesTHESIS: Political framing, as used by presidential candidates in the 2016 election, may determine the outcome of an election rather than the actual qualifications or stance on issues of the candidates themselves. The 2016 presidential election totes probably the most controversial presidential race in the history of the United States. In an attempt to sort through the rhetoric and cover, a citizen may be left perplexed at which candidate to vote for. The claims of both parties show inconsistencies

Journal Applied Mathematics And Statistics -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Applied Mathematics And Statistics? Answer: Introduction In this section, we present the methodology as well as the procedures that were employed to ensure that study became a success. The section is categorised into the following subsections: 1) sample selection, 2) survey instrument, 3) data collection, 4) data analysis, and 5) limitations. Subject Selection The population in this study was college students in Australia. Due time and financial constraint, a small sample size of 20 was set for the survey. Questionnaires were administered to the students where they were given to fill in as the researcher watches from a distance. Once they had filled, the researcher took and just numbered. Ethical considerations of the research were adhered to and the participants were told they were at liberty to stop the study whenever they felt they needed to. Instrumentation Questionnaires were used to collect data for this study. A closed ended questionnaire was prepared by the researcher for the purpose of the study. A copy of the questionnaire has been attached in appendix A1. Data Collection Since the sample required for this study was small, the researcher conducted this study alone without involving any research assistant. The participants were given questionnaires to fill by themselves. The total time taken to fill the questionnaire was estimated to be less than 7 minutes. Data Analysis Once all the questionnaires had been filled up, data was entered into excel spreadsheet for analysis purposes. Statistical tests such as Chi-Square and t-test were used to test the hypothesis of the study. Limitations The main limitation of this study is the fact that a small sample size was used. The population validity of a small sample is very low as such making it difficult to make generalizations out of this survey (Pearl, 2015). Demographic profile of the customers We started by looking at the basic demographic profiles of the participants in the study. There were 9 males (45%), and 11 females (55%) students participating in this study, as illustrated in figure 1. From the 20 respondents, the ages of the students ranged from 18 to 25 years old. As can be seen, majority (20%, n = 4) of the participants were aged 23 years old. 5% (n = 1) was aged 21 years old. Table 1: Age of the students interviewed Row Labels Count of Age Percent 18 2 10% 19 3 15% 20 3 15% 21 1 5% 22 2 10% 23 4 20% 24 3 15% 25 2 10% Grand Total 20 100% Race From a total of 20 respondents, majority (80%, n = 16) were Whites while 15% (n = 3) were Asian and 5% (n = 1) were Blacks. Table 2: Frequency table for the participants race Row Labels Count of Race Percent Asian 3 15% Black 1 5% White 16 80% Grand Total 20 Most preferred social media Participants were asked whether they use social media, apparently all of the participants said to be using social. The next question was for the participants to state their most preferred social media. Majority of the participants said to prefer Facebook (45%, n = 9) followed by Instagram (40%, n = 8). Twitter had a favourite following of 15% (n = 3). Table 3: Most preferred social media Row Labels Count of Most preferred SM Percent Facebook 9 45% Instagram 8 40% Twitter 3 15% Grand Total 20 100% Thought of leaving social media Respondents were asked whether a thought of abandoning social media has ever criss-crossed their mind. 20% (n = 4) said yes while majority (80%, n = 16) said. Of those who said yes, they mainly mentioned wastage of time in the social media platform as the reason as to why they have thought of leaving social media. Table 4: Preferred shopping method Row Labels Frequency Percent Yes 4 20% No 16 80% Grand Total 20 100% Descriptive statistics Participants were asked to state how much time they spend on social media. On average, students said to spend 3.15 hours a day in the social media. The most frequent time was 2 hours while the median time spent in social media was found to be 3 hours a day. See table 5 below. Table 5: Descriptive statistics Hours spent in Social Media in a day Mean 3.15 Standard Error 0.385766496 Median 3 Mode 2 Standard Deviation 1.725200217 Sample Variance 2.976315789 Kurtosis -1.30425839 Skewness 0.290248521 Range 5 Minimum 1 Maximum 6 Sum 63 Count 20 Hypothesis Testing We tested three hypothesis in this study. The first hypothesis test was performed on the sample data to test whether there is significant association between gender of the student and the most preferred social media. A Chi-square test of association was performed to check the association between the two variables (Bagdonavicius Nikulin, 2011). Table 6: Most Preferred Social Media * Gender Cross tabulation Count Gender Total Male Female Most Preferred Social Media Facebook 6 3 9 Instagram 2 6 8 Twitter 1 2 3 Total 9 11 20 Table 7: Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 3.165a 2 .205 Likelihood Ratio 3.252 2 .197 N of Valid Cases 20 a. 6 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.35. A chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the relation between gender and most preferred social media. The relation between these variables was insignificant, p 0.05. The second hypothesis test was conducted on the sample data to test whether the average amount of time spent on social media in a day varied between the males and the females. Table 8: t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances Female Male Mean 4 2.111111 Variance 2.4 1.861111 Observations 11 9 Pooled Variance 2.160494 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 18 t Stat 2.859121 P(T=t) one-tail 0.005213 t Critical one-tail 1.734064 P(T=t) two-tail 0.010425 t Critical two-tail 2.100922 An independent samples t-test was done to compare the mean amount of time spent on social media (David Gunnink, 2007). Results showed that the males (M = 2.11, SD = 1.36, N = 9) had significant difference in terms of the mean amount of time spent on social media in a day when compared to the females (M = 4.00, SD = 1.55, N = 11), t (18) = 2.859, p .05, two-tailed. The difference of 1.89 showed a significant difference. Essentially results showed the female participants on average spend more time on social media in any day as compared to the male participants. The third and the last hypothesis sought to test whether there is significant difference in the amount of time spent on social media for the different types of social media. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to test this. Table 9: ANOVA Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Facebook 9 25 2.777778 2.694444 Instagram 8 22 2.75 2.5 Twitter 3 16 5.333333 0.333333 Table 10: ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 16.82778 2 8.413889 3.600909 0.049672 3.591531 Within Groups 39.72222 17 2.336601 Total 56.55 19 A one-way between subjects ANOVA was conducted to compare the effect of social media type on amount time spent in the social media. There was a significant effect of type of preferred social media on amount of time spent at the p .05 level for the three conditions [F(2, 17) = 3.60, p = 0.0497]. Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicated that the mean amount of time spent on Twitter (M = 5.33, SD = 0.58) was significantly different than the Facebook (M = 2.78, SD = 1.64) and Instagram (M = 2.75, SD = 1.58). Specifically, our results suggest that twitter users spend longer time as compared to either Facebook or Instagram users. Conclusion In this study, we sought to understand the social media usage among college students. 20 students took part in the survey and ended up responding to the questionnaires they were given. Results showed that most preferred social media platform was Facebook, followed by Instagram and last was Twitter. In regard to whether there was association between gender and most preferred social media platform, it was noted that there was no significant association between the two variables. However, we noted that there was significant evidence that the female students spend more time on social media as compared to the male students. Recommendations The research described above focussed more on understanding the patterns in the social media usage among the college and specifically looking at how the time spent on social media compare between the male students and the female students. Overage, the students were found to spend about 3.15 hours on social media. The research however did not find out when exactly the students use the social media. It would be necessary to advise the students not to mix their class work with social media as this might have negative impact on their studies. The students should use social media when they are free and not when the classes are going on. Future research should focus on understanding the impact of social media use among the college students on their academic performance. References Ahn, J., 2011. The Effect of Social Network Sites on Adolescents Social and Academic Development: Current Theories and Controversies. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 8(62), p. 14351445. Bagdonavicius, V. Nikulin, M. S., 2011. Chi-squared test of association between two categorical variables. The International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, pp. 30-50. Croy, L., 2015. Woolies dumps flyer points. David, H. A. Gunnink, J. L., 2007. The Paired t Test Under Artificial Pairing. The American Statistician, 51(1), p. 912. DeAndrea, D. et al., 2012. Serious social media: on the use of social media for improving students' adjustment to college. Internet and Higher Education, 15(4), pp. 15-23. Derrick, B., Toher, D. White, P., 2017. How to compare the means of two samples that include paired observations and independent observations. The Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 13(2), p. 120126. John , A. R., 2006. Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis. Lenhart, A., Madden, M., Macgill, A. R. Smith, A., 2007. Teens and social media. Pew Internet and American Life Project. Pearl, J., 2015. Generalizing experimental findings. Journal of Causal Inference, 3(2), p. 259266. Saris, W. E. Gallhofer, I. N., 2014. Design, evaluation and analysis of questionnaires for survey research. Urista, M. A., Dong, Q. Day, K. D., 2009. Explaining why young adults use MySpace and Facebook through uses and gratifications theory. Human Communication. 12(2), p. 215 229. West, A., Lewis, J. Currie, P., 2009. Students' facebook 'friends': public and private spheres. Journal of Youth Studies, 12(6), pp. 615-627.

Microsoft Antitrust Essays (2426 words) - AOL, Microsoft Litigation

Microsoft Antitrust Since 1990, a battle has raged in United States courts between the United States government and the Microsoft Corporation out of Redmond, Washington, headed by Bill Gates. What is at stake is money. The federal government maintains that Microsoft's monopolistic practices are harmful to United States citizens, creating higher prices and potentially downgrading software quality, and should therefore be stopped, while Microsoft and its supporters claim that they are not breaking any laws, and are just doing good business. Microsoft's antitrust problems began for them in the early months of 1990(Check 1), when the Federal Trade Commission began investigating them for possible violations of the Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts,(Maldoom 1) which are designed to stop the formation of monopolies. The investigation continued on for the next three years without resolve, until Novell, maker of DR-DOS, a competitor of Microsoft's MS-DOS, filed a complaint with the Competition Directorate of the European Commission in June of 1993. (Maldoom 1) Doing this stalled the investigations even more, until finally in August of 1993, (Check 1)the Federal Trade Commission decided to hand the case over to the Department of Justice. The Department of Justice moved quickly, with Anne K. Bingaman, head of the Antitrust Division of the DOJ, leading the way.(Check 1) The case was finally ended on July 15, 1994, with Microsoft signing a consent settlement.(Check 1) The settlement focused on Microsoft's selling practices with computer manufacturers. Up until now, Microsoft would sell MS-DOS and Microsoft's other operating systems to original equipment manufacturers (OEM's) at a 60% discount if that OEM agreed to pay a royalty to Microsoft for every single computer that they sold (Check 2) regardless if it had a Microsoft operating system installed on it or not. After the settlement, Microsoft would be forced to sell their operating systems according to the number of computers shipped with a Microsoft operating system installed, and not for computers that ran other operating systems. (Check 2) Another practice that the Justice Department accused Microsoft of was that Microsoft would specify a minimum number of minimum number of operating systems that the retailer had to buy, thus eliminating any chance for another operating system vendor to get their system installed until the retailer had installed all of the Microsoft operating systems that it had installed.(Maldoom 2) In addition to specifying a minimum number of operating systems that a vendor had to buy, Microsoft also would sign contracts with the vendors for long periods of time such as two or three years. In order for a new operating system to gain popularity, it would have to do so quickly, in order to show potential buyers that it was worth something. With Microsoft signing long term contracts, they eliminated the chance for a new operating system to gain the popularity needed, quickly.(Maldoom 2) Probably the second most controversial issue, besides the per processor agreement, was Microsoft's practice of tying. Tying was a practice in which Microsoft would use their leverage in one market area, such as graphical user interfaces, to gain leverage in another market, such as operating systems, where they may have competition.(Maldoom 2) In the preceding example, Microsoft would use their graphical user interface, Windows, to sell their operating system, DOS, by offering discounts to manufacturers that purchased both MS-DOS and Windows, and threatening to not sell Windows to companies who did not also purchase DOS. In the end, Microsoft decided to suck it up and sign the settlement agreement. In signing the agreement, Microsoft did not actually have to admit to any of the alleged charges, but were able to escape any type of formal punishment such as fines and the like. The settlement that Microsoft agreed to prohibits it, for the next six and a half years from: * Charging for its operating system on the basis of computer shipped rather than on copies of MS-DOS shipped; * Imposing minimum quantity commitments on manufacturers; * Signing contracts for greater than one year; * Tying the sale of MS_DOS to the sale of other Microsoft products;(Maldoom 1) Although these penalties look to put an end to all of Microsoft's evil practices, some people think that they are not harsh enough and that Microsoft should have been split up to put a stop to any chance of them forming a true monopoly of the operating system market and of the entire software market. On one side of the issue, there are the people who feel that Microsoft should be left alone, at least for the time being. I am one of these people,

Neuroma Essays - Foot Diseases, Neurological Disorders, Free Essays

Neuroma Essays - Foot Diseases, Neurological Disorders, Free Essays Neuroma Mortons neuroma is a condition that affects one of the nerves that run between the third and fourth toes that may at first appear gradually, but becomes more significant and persistent over time. The exact cause is not certain, as there are a number of things that are thought to contribute to this condition. Symptoms can range from pain that starts in the ball of the foot and shoot into the affected toes, to a burning or tingling sensation of the toes. The treatment of this condition varies widely and includes conservative and surgical treatments, depending on the physician. This paper will examine the different causes and symptoms of a neuroma, as well as the different treatment options and recovery period. Mortons Neuroma What is Mortons Neuroma? A neuroma is an enlargement of nerve tissue that occurs at the base of the third and fourth toes that causes pain and numbness in the affected area. The tissue or ligament around the nerve swells up, which causes a pinching of the nerve and results in a sharp burning sensation in the toes. It is sometimes referred to as an intermetatarsal neuroma, which describes its location, and occurs in the ball of the foot between the metatarsal bones (the bones extending from the toes to the midfoot). It is sometimes referred to as a benign growth, or tumor, of nerve tissue that leads to the thickening of the toes, and a sharp burning pain in the ball of the foot. The irritation of the nerve could eventually lead to permanent nerve damage that may require patients to take painkillers, have steroid injections, or eventually surgery to either remove the nerve or release the ligament around it. This condition was first described by T.G. Morton in 1876. He used a more vague terminology of metatarsa lgia which described it as a painful condition in the ball of the foot (Bennett). What are the causes of Mortons neuroma? Doctors are not sure what exactly causes Mortons neuroma, but it seems to develop as a result of an irritation, pressure or an injury to one of the nerves that lead to the toes. One of the most common offenders is wearing shoes that are too narrow or tapered around the toes, or high heeled shoes that force the toes into the narrow part of the shoe. Because the anatomy of the bones in the feet is narrow between the metatarsals, the nerves that run between these are more likely to be compressed or irritated from wearing these types of shoes. People that have certain deformities in their feet, such as bunions or hammertoes which cause the bones to pinch the nerves, are at a higher risk for developing a neuroma. Other potential causes are activities that involve a repeated irritation to the foot, such as running, court type sports, or stress from long periods of standing on the feet. Also, inflammation in the joints or ligaments in the foot next to the nerves can cause irritation that le ad to a neuroma. Improper footwear can cause the toes to be squeezed together that can be problematic. What are the symptoms of Mortons neuroma? The symptoms of Mortons neuroma can occur unexpectedly and get progressively worse over time. You may have one or more of these symptoms: ?XTingling, numbness, or burning sensation in the toes or foot ?XPain in the ball of the foot when weight is placed on it ?XA feeling that something is inside the ball of the foot ?XSwelling between the toes At first the symptoms begin gradually, and then may go away temporarily by removing the shoe and massaging the foot. When wearing narrow-toed shoes or by performing activities that aggravate the foot, the symptoms become more intense as the neuroma enlarges and the damage to the nerve becomes permanent (American). Over time the symptoms progressively worsen and may persist for several days or weeks. How physicians diagnose a Mortons neuroma? To diagnose a neuroma, a podiatrist (foot specialist doctor) will obtain a thorough history of your symptoms, and will examine the foot and try to locate the affected nerve. This can be done by manipulating the foot and toes in trying to reproduce the symptoms. X-rays are also taken of the foot to make sure the pain